October Term 2024 · Docket 24-304
Can a class include members who lack a legal injury?
The dispute centers on whether federal courts can certify classes containing uninjured members.
Verified source milestones
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official Court opinion was verified.
The arguments, in order
This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.
Argument 1 ·
What happened at the argument
the side that brought the case claims individual standing is a prerequisite for class standing.
the opposing side claims Rule 23 requires a shared injury, not individual standing.
justice_questioning
Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details
Sources used for this argument breakdown
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 35-35 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 35-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 33-41 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 33-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 113, lines 53-49 — Transcript, file page 113, lines 53-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 11-35 — Transcript, file page 12, lines 11-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 39-9 — Transcript, file page 12, lines 39-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 21-35 — Transcript, file page 13, lines 21-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-21 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 23-35 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 23-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 33-51 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 33-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 13-19 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 13-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 21-33 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 21-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 139, lines 25-37 — Transcript, file page 139, lines 25-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 53-7 — Transcript, file page 14, lines 53-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 9-9 — Transcript, file page 14, lines 9-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 27-39 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 27-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 141, lines 37-49 — Transcript, file page 141, lines 37-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 141, lines 53-7 — Transcript, file page 141, lines 53-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 49-51 — Transcript, file page 142, lines 49-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 143, lines 7-9 — Transcript, file page 143, lines 7-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 153, lines 43-27 — Transcript, file page 153, lines 43-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-13 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 29-29 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 29-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 31-47 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 31-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 15-27 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 15-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 33-35 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 33-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 39-39 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 39-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 43-17 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 43-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 21-37 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 21-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 51-53 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 51-53
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 55-11 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 55-11
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 7-9 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 7-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 15-29 — Transcript, file page 74, lines 15-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 45-49 — Transcript, file page 75, lines 45-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 53-19 — Transcript, file page 75, lines 53-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 39-13 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 39-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 84, lines 19-27 — Transcript, file page 84, lines 19-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 19-39 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 19-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 49-7 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 49-7
A citizen's guide to the whole case
What this case is about
This case tests the limits of class action certification under Article III.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 113, lines 53-49 — Transcript, file page 113, lines 53-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-21 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 153, lines 43-27 — Transcript, file page 153, lines 43-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-13 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 29-29 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 29-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 84, lines 19-27 — Transcript, file page 84, lines 19-27
How the case got here
The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 29, 2025.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 139, lines 25-37 — Transcript, file page 139, lines 25-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 43-17 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 43-17
What each side wants
the side that brought the case wants the Court to strike the class certification.
the opposing side wants the Court to keep the class certification.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 113, lines 53-49 — Transcript, file page 113, lines 53-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-21 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 153, lines 43-27 — Transcript, file page 153, lines 43-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-13 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 29-29 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 29-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 84, lines 19-27 — Transcript, file page 84, lines 19-27
What each side says
the side that brought the case argues uninjured members cannot join a class.
the opposing side argues the class shares a common injury.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 113, lines 53-49 — Transcript, file page 113, lines 53-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-21 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 153, lines 43-27 — Transcript, file page 153, lines 43-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-13 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 29-29 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 29-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 84, lines 19-27 — Transcript, file page 84, lines 19-27
What the justices asked
Justice Sotomayor asked if the case is an advisory opinion.
Justice Kagan asked how the orders materially changed the class scope.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 35-35 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 35-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 33-41 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 33-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 11-35 — Transcript, file page 12, lines 11-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 39-9 — Transcript, file page 12, lines 39-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 21-35 — Transcript, file page 13, lines 21-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 23-35 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 23-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 33-51 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 33-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 13-19 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 13-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 21-33 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 21-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 139, lines 25-37 — Transcript, file page 139, lines 25-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 53-7 — Transcript, file page 14, lines 53-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 9-9 — Transcript, file page 14, lines 9-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 27-39 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 27-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 141, lines 37-49 — Transcript, file page 141, lines 37-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 141, lines 53-7 — Transcript, file page 141, lines 53-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 49-51 — Transcript, file page 142, lines 49-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 143, lines 7-9 — Transcript, file page 143, lines 7-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 31-47 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 31-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 15-27 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 15-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 33-35 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 33-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 39-39 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 39-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 43-17 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 43-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 21-37 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 21-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 51-53 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 51-53
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 55-11 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 55-11
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 7-9 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 7-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 15-29 — Transcript, file page 74, lines 15-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 45-49 — Transcript, file page 75, lines 45-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 53-19 — Transcript, file page 75, lines 53-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 39-13 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 39-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 19-39 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 19-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 49-7 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 49-7
Why it matters
The ruling defines who can participate in federal class actions.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 113, lines 53-49 — Transcript, file page 113, lines 53-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-21 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 153, lines 43-27 — Transcript, file page 153, lines 43-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-13 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 29-29 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 29-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 84, lines 19-27 — Transcript, file page 84, lines 19-27
What happens next
This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 35-35 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 35-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 33-41 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 33-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 11-35 — Transcript, file page 12, lines 11-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 39-9 — Transcript, file page 12, lines 39-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 21-35 — Transcript, file page 13, lines 21-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 23-35 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 23-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 33-51 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 33-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 13-19 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 13-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 21-33 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 21-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 139, lines 25-37 — Transcript, file page 139, lines 25-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 53-7 — Transcript, file page 14, lines 53-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 9-9 — Transcript, file page 14, lines 9-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 27-39 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 27-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 141, lines 37-49 — Transcript, file page 141, lines 37-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 141, lines 53-7 — Transcript, file page 141, lines 53-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 142, lines 49-51 — Transcript, file page 142, lines 49-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 143, lines 7-9 — Transcript, file page 143, lines 7-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 31-47 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 31-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 15-27 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 15-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 33-35 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 33-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 39-39 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 39-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 43-17 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 43-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 21-37 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 21-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 51-53 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 51-53
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 55-11 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 55-11
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 7-9 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 7-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 15-29 — Transcript, file page 74, lines 15-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 45-49 — Transcript, file page 75, lines 45-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 53-19 — Transcript, file page 75, lines 53-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 39-13 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 39-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 19-39 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 19-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 49-7 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 49-7
Official Court provenance
Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page
Verified official opinions and orders
Title and summary sources
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 113, lines 53-49 — Transcript, file page 113, lines 53-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-21 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 153, lines 43-27 — Transcript, file page 153, lines 43-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-13 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 29-29 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 29-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 84, lines 19-27 — Transcript, file page 84, lines 19-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 113, lines 53-49 — Transcript, file page 113, lines 53-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-21 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 153, lines 43-27 — Transcript, file page 153, lines 43-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-13 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 29-29 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 29-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 84, lines 19-27 — Transcript, file page 84, lines 19-27
Revision history
- Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·
Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.
- Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·
Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.