October Term 2023 · Docket 22-859
Can the SEC enforce fraud claims without a jury trial?
The SEC seeks to impose civil penalties without a jury. Jarkesy argues the Seventh Amendment requires a jury for such claims.
Verified source milestones
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official Court opinion was verified.
The arguments, in order
This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.
Argument 1 ·
What happened at the argument
Mr. Fletcher argued Congress authorized agencies to conduct adjudications.
Mr. McCulloch argued the SEC's authority expanded beyond its original foundation.
argument_summary
Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details
Sources used for this argument breakdown
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 39-13 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 39-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 47-27 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 47-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 51-11 — Transcript, file page 12, lines 51-11
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 45-41 — Transcript, file page 13, lines 45-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 19-19 — Transcript, file page 133, lines 19-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 31-33 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 31-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 35-45 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 35-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 11-13 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 11-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 137, lines 27-31 — Transcript, file page 137, lines 27-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 137, lines 35-39 — Transcript, file page 137, lines 35-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 27-9 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 27-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 139, lines 19-31 — Transcript, file page 139, lines 19-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 19-39 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 19-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 45-7 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 45-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 141, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 141, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 31-41 — Transcript, file page 15, lines 31-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27 — Transcript, file page 152, lines 31-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-23 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 11-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 25-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 33-37 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 33-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 31-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-9 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 55-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 13-13 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 13-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 17-17 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 17-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 25-33 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 25-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 37-39 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 37-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 45-1 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 45-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 7-15 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 7-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 29-37 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 29-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 11-13 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 11-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 31-35 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 31-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 39-19 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 39-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 43-45 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 43-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 9-37 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 9-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-23 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 13-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-29 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 27-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 25-47 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 25-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17 — Transcript, file page 93, lines 45-17
A citizen's guide to the whole case
What this case is about
The dispute centers on whether the SEC can adjudicate fraud claims and impose civil penalties without a jury trial. The SEC argues Congress authorized agencies to conduct such adjudications. Jarkesy contends the Seventh Amendment guarantees a jury for these claims.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27 — Transcript, file page 152, lines 31-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 25-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 31-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17 — Transcript, file page 93, lines 45-17
How the case got here
The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 29, 2023.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 141, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 141, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-23 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 11-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 25-33 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 25-33
What each side wants
The SEC wants to enforce fraud claims without a jury trial.
Jarkesy wants a jury trial for his fraud claims.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27 — Transcript, file page 152, lines 31-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 25-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 31-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17 — Transcript, file page 93, lines 45-17
What each side says
The SEC argues Congress authorized agencies to conduct adjudications and impose penalties.
Jarkesy argues the Seventh Amendment requires a jury for fraud claims.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27 — Transcript, file page 152, lines 31-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 25-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 31-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17 — Transcript, file page 93, lines 45-17
What the justices asked
Justice Sotomayor asked about the definition of private rights.
Chief Justice Roberts asked about the public rights doctrine.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 39-13 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 39-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 47-27 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 47-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 51-11 — Transcript, file page 12, lines 51-11
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 45-41 — Transcript, file page 13, lines 45-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 19-19 — Transcript, file page 133, lines 19-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 31-33 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 31-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 35-45 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 35-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 11-13 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 11-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 137, lines 27-31 — Transcript, file page 137, lines 27-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 137, lines 35-39 — Transcript, file page 137, lines 35-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 27-9 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 27-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 139, lines 19-31 — Transcript, file page 139, lines 19-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 19-39 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 19-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 45-7 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 45-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 31-41 — Transcript, file page 15, lines 31-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 33-37 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 33-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-9 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 55-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 13-13 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 13-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 17-17 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 17-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 37-39 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 37-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 45-1 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 45-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 7-15 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 7-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 29-37 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 29-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 11-13 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 11-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 31-35 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 31-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 39-19 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 39-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 43-45 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 43-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 9-37 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 9-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-23 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 13-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-29 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 27-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 25-47 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 25-47
Why it matters
This case determines whether federal agencies can adjudicate civil fraud claims without a jury. The outcome affects the scope of administrative adjudication and the right to a jury trial.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27 — Transcript, file page 152, lines 31-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 25-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 31-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17 — Transcript, file page 93, lines 45-17
What happens next
This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 39-13 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 39-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 47-27 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 47-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 51-11 — Transcript, file page 12, lines 51-11
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 45-41 — Transcript, file page 13, lines 45-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 19-19 — Transcript, file page 133, lines 19-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 31-33 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 31-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 35-45 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 35-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 11-13 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 11-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 137, lines 27-31 — Transcript, file page 137, lines 27-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 137, lines 35-39 — Transcript, file page 137, lines 35-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 27-9 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 27-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 139, lines 19-31 — Transcript, file page 139, lines 19-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 19-39 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 19-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 45-7 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 45-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 141, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 141, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 31-41 — Transcript, file page 15, lines 31-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-23 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 11-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 33-37 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 33-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 55-9 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 55-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 13-13 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 13-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 17-17 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 17-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 25-33 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 25-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 37-39 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 37-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 45-1 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 45-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 7-15 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 7-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 29-37 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 29-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 11-13 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 11-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 31-35 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 31-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 39-19 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 39-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 43-45 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 43-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 9-37 — Transcript, file page 73, lines 9-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-23 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 13-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-29 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 27-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 25-47 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 25-47
Official Court provenance
Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page
Verified official opinions and orders
Title and summary sources
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27 — Transcript, file page 152, lines 31-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 25-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 31-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17 — Transcript, file page 93, lines 45-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27 — Transcript, file page 152, lines 31-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 25-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 31-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17 — Transcript, file page 93, lines 45-17
Revision history
- Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·
Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.
- Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·
Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.