{"argument_date":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2023","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","paragraphs":["Mr. Fletcher argued Congress authorized agencies to conduct adjudications.","Mr. McCulloch argued the SEC's authority expanded beyond its original foundation.","argument_summary"],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 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39-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 39-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 9-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 9-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 13-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 25-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 25-47"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 93, lines 45-17"}]}],"caption":"SEC v. Jarkesy","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:16.053200Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:16.075366Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:16.085974Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:57:41.400435Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"The SEC seeks to impose civil penalties without a jury. Jarkesy argues the Seventh Amendment requires a jury for such claims.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 134, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 152, lines 31-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 93, lines 45-17"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2023","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/603us1r50_7kh7.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/22-859.html","primary_docket":"22-859","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T16:17:28.451636Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The dispute centers on whether the SEC can adjudicate fraud claims and impose civil penalties without a jury trial. The SEC argues Congress authorized agencies to conduct such adjudications. Jarkesy contends the Seventh Amendment guarantees a jury for these claims."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 134, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 152, lines 31-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 93, lines 45-17"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 29, 2023."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 141, lines 11-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 141, lines 11-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 25-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 25-33"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The SEC wants to enforce fraud claims without a jury trial.","Jarkesy wants a jury trial for his fraud claims."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 134, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 152, lines 31-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 93, lines 45-17"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The SEC argues Congress authorized agencies to conduct adjudications and impose penalties.","Jarkesy argues the Seventh Amendment requires a jury for fraud claims."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 134, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 152, lines 31-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 93, lines 45-17"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Sotomayor asked about the definition of private rights.","Chief Justice Roberts asked about the public rights doctrine."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 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31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 39-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 39-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 9-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 9-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 13-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 25-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 25-47"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case determines whether federal agencies can adjudicate civil fraud claims without a jury. The outcome affects the scope of administrative adjudication and the right to a jury trial."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 134, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 152, lines 31-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 93, lines 45-17"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 39-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 39-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 47-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 47-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 12, lines 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9-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 9-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 13-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 27-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 27-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 25-47","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 25-47"}]}],"slug":"2023-22-859-sec-v-jarkesy","term":"2023","title":"Can the SEC enforce fraud claims without a jury trial?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 21-23","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 134, lines 21-23"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 152, lines 31-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 152, lines 31-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 25-31","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 25-31"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 31-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 67, lines 31-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 93, lines 45-17","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2023/22-859_h280.pdf","page_label":"file page 93, lines 45-17"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":"latest_argument_date","updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}