October Term 2022 · Docket 20-1199

Can universities use race in admissions?

the sides that brought the case argue Harvard's race-conscious admissions violate the Constitution. Harvard argues such practices serve a compelling educational interest.

Official caption
Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Waxman argued that diverse student bodies benefit the nation.

    Mr. Norris argued that racial classifications cause inherent harms.

    Justice Kagan asked if both essay types are appropriate for consideration.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests whether universities may consider race in admissions. the sides that brought the case claim this practice harms applicants. Harvard claims it builds diverse student bodies.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 31, 2022.

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What each side wants

the sides that brought the case want the Court to strike down Harvard's race-conscious admissions policy.

Harvard wants the Court to uphold its use of race in admissions.

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What each side says

the sides that brought the case argue racial classifications cause inherent harms to applicants.

Harvard argues diverse student bodies benefit the nation and reduce prejudice.

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What the justices asked

Justice Barrett asked how to distinguish resilience from other obstacles.

Justice Sotomayor questioned the district court's statistical findings on race.

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Why it matters

This dispute determines whether universities may use race in admissions. It affects how colleges select students nationwide. It shapes the legal limits on diversity efforts.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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