October Term 2021 · Docket 21A244

Does OSHA have the power to force 84 million workers to get vaccinated?

Business owners argue the vaccine rule exceeds OSHA's emergency authority. The government argues the rule is essential to stop workplace deaths.

Official caption
Nat. Fed'n of Indep. Bus. v. Dept. of Labor
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  4. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Scott Keller argued the rule covers too many people for OSHA's narrow authority.

    Elizabeth Prelogar argued the rule addresses a specific and deadly workplace danger.

    Justice Roberts questioned why OSHA could not use its best approach to solve the problem.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The National Federation of Independent Business challenges a federal vaccine mandate. The Department of Labor defends the rule as a vital safety measure.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 7, 2022.

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What each side wants

The business group wants the Court to strike down the vaccine mandate.

The government wants the Court to keep the vaccine mandate in effect.

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What each side says

The business group argues the rule is too broad for OSHA's limited emergency powers.

The government argues the rule is necessary to stop a deadly workplace risk.

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What the justices asked

Justice Thomas asked if emergency status makes the necessity standard stricter.

Justice Kagan asked why the rule is not necessary to stop a grave risk.

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Why it matters

This case defines the limits of federal workplace safety power. It determines whether agencies can impose broad mandates during health crises. The outcome shapes future government responses to public health emergencies.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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