October Term 2021 · Docket 20-1775

Can States Intervene to Defend a Federal Rule After the Government Stops?

Arizona and other states want to defend a public charge rule. San Francisco argues they lack standing to do so.

Official caption
Arizona v. San Francisco
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Decided
Sources analyzed through
Post Opinion

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Brnovich argued the Ninth Circuit capped an unprecedented effort by the United States.

    Fletcher argued the rule did not regulate or confer rights on the states.

    Fletcher argued the states assert an indirect economic interest in the rule's consequences.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The dispute centers on whether states can intervene in federal court. They seek to defend a rule the current administration no longer supports.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on February 23, 2022.

Official sources for this section

What each side wants

Arizona wants to intervene and defend the public charge rule.

San Francisco wants the court to deny the states standing to intervene.

Official sources for this section

What each side says

Arizona argues the states have a direct interest in the rule's validity.

San Francisco argues the states only have an indirect economic interest.

Official sources for this section

What the justices asked

Justice Thomas asked what makes this case different from other administration changes.

Justice Sotomayor asked if the injunction was a decision on the merits.

Official sources for this section

Why it matters

This case defines when states can defend federal rules. It affects the balance of power between states and the federal government.

Official sources for this section

What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

Official sources for this section

Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

Download this sanitized case as JSON