{"argument_date":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2021","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","paragraphs":["Brnovich argued the Ninth Circuit capped an unprecedented effort by the United States.","Fletcher argued the rule did not regulate or confer rights on the states.","Fletcher argued the states assert an indirect economic interest in the rule's consequences."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 15-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 15-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, 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11-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 11-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 40, lines 55-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 40, lines 55-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 21-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 21-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 25-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 25-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 47-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 47-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 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25-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 25-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 31-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 31-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 17-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 17-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 33-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 33-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 17-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 51-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 51-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 41-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 41-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 11-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 11-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 13-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 13-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 49-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 49-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 9-11"}]}],"caption":"Arizona v. San Francisco","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:17.641364Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:17.660774Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:57:12.100819Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"Arizona and other states want to defend a public charge rule. San Francisco argues they lack standing to do so.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 100, lines 35-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 100, lines 35-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 40, lines 55-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 40, lines 55-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 25-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 25-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 11-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 11-7"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2021","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/596us2r48_fe9g.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/20-1775.html","primary_docket":"20-1775","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T16:54:12.023877Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The dispute centers on whether states can intervene in federal court. They seek to defend a rule the current administration no longer supports."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 100, lines 35-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 100, lines 35-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 40, lines 55-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 40, lines 55-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 25-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 25-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 11-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 11-7"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on February 23, 2022."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 77, lines 41-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 77, lines 41-19"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["Arizona wants to intervene and defend the public charge rule.","San Francisco wants the court to deny the states standing to intervene."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 100, lines 35-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 100, lines 35-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 40, lines 55-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 40, lines 55-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 25-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 25-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 11-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 11-7"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["Arizona argues the states have a direct interest in the rule's validity.","San Francisco argues the states only have an indirect economic interest."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 100, lines 35-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 100, lines 35-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 40, lines 55-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 40, lines 55-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 25-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 25-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 11-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 11-7"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Justice Thomas asked what makes this case different from other administration changes.","Justice Sotomayor asked if the injunction was a decision on the merits."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 15-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 15-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 47-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 47-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 53-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 53-7"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 11-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 11-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 21-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 21-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 49-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 49-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 47-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 47-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 25-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 69, lines 25-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 29-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 29-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 41-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 70, lines 41-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 19-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 19-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 25-29","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 25-29"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 31-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 31-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 43-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 72, lines 43-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 13-15","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 13-15"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 73, lines 17-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 73, lines 17-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 74, lines 33-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 74, lines 33-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 17-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 17-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 75, lines 51-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 75, lines 51-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 13-27","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 13-27"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 41-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 41-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 49-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 49-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 9-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 9-11"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines when states can defend federal rules. It affects the balance of power between states and the federal government."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 100, lines 35-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 100, lines 35-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 40, lines 55-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 40, lines 55-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 25-45","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 25-45"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 11-7","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 88, lines 11-7"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 15-19","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 15-19"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 29-37","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 29-37"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 47-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2021/20-1775_2co3.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 47-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 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