October Term 2020 · Docket 19-840

Does the Affordable Care Act mandate remain valid after the penalty dropped to zero?

Texas argues the mandate is an unconstitutional command. California argues it is a lawful choice.

Official caption
California v. Texas
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Decided
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Michael Mongan argued the mandate creates a choice. He cited the tax provision as evidence of this choice.

    Paul Hawkins argued the mandate is a command. He cited statutory language emphasizing the mandate's essential role.

    Elizabeth Verrilli argued the statute requires nothing. She noted Congress refused to repeal the law in 2017.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The dispute centers on the individual mandate. Texas claims it forces people to buy insurance. California claims it offers a choice between buying insurance or paying a tax.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 10, 2020.

Official sources for this section

What each side wants

Texas wants the Court to strike down the individual mandate.

California wants the Court to uphold the individual mandate.

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What each side says

Texas argues the mandate is a command to purchase insurance.

California argues the mandate creates a choice between insurance and a tax.

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What the justices asked

Chief Justice Roberts asked if failing to buy insurance violates the law.

Justice Thomas asked about consequences for violating a command without a penalty.

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Why it matters

The mandate affects millions of Americans. It determines whether the government can require health insurance purchases. The outcome shapes federal power over individual economic choices.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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