October Term 2020 · Docket 19-1414

Can tribal police detain non-members for state crimes?

The dispute centers on whether tribal officers hold inherent power to detain non-members for violating state law.

Official caption
United States v. Cooley
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Decided
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Post Opinion

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Feigin asserts tribes possess core inherent authority to investigate and detain suspects.

    Henkel contends tribes lack sovereign authority over non-Indians and Congress holds plenary power.

    Roberts questions the basis for treating executive power differently from legislative power.

    Alito asks for a test to distinguish retained versus unretained aspects of tribal sovereignty.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests the scope of inherent tribal sovereignty over non-members.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 23, 2021.

Official sources for this section

What each side wants

The tribe seeks recognition of inherent power to detain non-members.

The government seeks a ruling that tribes lack authority over non-members.

Official sources for this section

What each side says

The tribe argues inherent sovereignty includes detaining suspects for other sovereigns' laws.

The government argues tribes lack sovereign authority over non-Indians.

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What the justices asked

Chief Justice Roberts asks how executive power differs from legislative power under Montana.

Justice Alito requests a general test for distinguishing retained tribal sovereignty aspects.

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Why it matters

This case defines the limits of tribal police power over non-members.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

Official sources for this section

Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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