{"argument_date":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","arguments":[{"argument_date":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","heading":"What happened at the argument","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_transcript_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","paragraphs":["Feigin asserts tribes possess core inherent authority to investigate and detain suspects.","Henkel contends tribes lack sovereign authority over non-Indians and Congress holds plenary power.","Roberts questions the basis for treating executive power differently from legislative power.","Alito asks for a test to distinguish retained versus unretained aspects of tribal sovereignty."],"reargument":false,"sequence":1,"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 31-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 31-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 25-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 25-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 17-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 17-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 17-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 17-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 53-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 53-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 9-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 9-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 15-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 15-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 53-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 53-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 51-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 51-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 37-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 11-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 45-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 45-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 35-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 35-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 45-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 45-55"}]}],"caption":"United States v. Cooley","case_history":[{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.481822Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T20:06:18.509930Z","explanation":"An official oral-argument transcript was verified.","status":"argued"},{"changed_at":"2026-08-29T23:57:00.900396Z","explanation":"An official Court opinion was verified.","status":"decided"}],"case_status":"decided","dek":"The dispute centers on whether tribal officers hold inherent power to detain non-members for violating state law.","dek_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 15-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 15-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 37-9"}],"dispositions":[],"latest_court_document_date":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","maturity":"post_opinion","official_detail_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcript/2020","official_disposition_urls":["https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/593us2r40_j5fl.pdf"],"official_docket_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/19-1414.html","primary_docket":"19-1414","revisions":[{"correction_note":"Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.","created_at":"2026-08-30T17:12:19.658297Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":1},{"correction_note":"Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.","created_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z","maturity":"post_opinion","revision_number":2}],"schema_version":"1.1","sections":[{"heading":"What this case is about","paragraphs":["The case tests the scope of inherent tribal sovereignty over non-members."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 15-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 15-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 37-9"}]},{"heading":"How the case got here","paragraphs":["The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 23, 2021."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 11-13"}]},{"heading":"What each side wants","paragraphs":["The tribe seeks recognition of inherent power to detain non-members.","The government seeks a ruling that tribes lack authority over non-members."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 15-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 15-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 37-9"}]},{"heading":"What each side says","paragraphs":["The tribe argues inherent sovereignty includes detaining suspects for other sovereigns' laws.","The government argues tribes lack sovereign authority over non-Indians."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 15-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 15-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 37-9"}]},{"heading":"What the justices asked","paragraphs":["Chief Justice Roberts asks how executive power differs from legislative power under Montana.","Justice Alito requests a general test for distinguishing retained tribal sovereignty aspects."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 31-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 31-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 25-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 25-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 17-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 17-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 17-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 17-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 53-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 53-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 9-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 9-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 53-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 53-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 51-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 51-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 11-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 45-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 45-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 35-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 35-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 45-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 45-55"}]},{"heading":"Why it matters","paragraphs":["This case defines the limits of tribal police power over non-members."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 15-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 15-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 37-9"}]},{"heading":"What happens next","paragraphs":["This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity."],"sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 17-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 10, lines 17-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 31-43","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 11, lines 31-43"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 13, lines 25-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 13, lines 25-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 14, lines 17-33","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 14, lines 17-33"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 15, lines 17-41","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 15, lines 17-41"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 53-39","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 53-39"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 16, lines 9-25","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 16, lines 9-25"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 11-21"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 53-35","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 5, lines 53-35"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 51-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 6, lines 51-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 11-13","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 68, lines 11-13"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 45-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 7, lines 45-9"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 35-49","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 8, lines 35-49"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 45-55","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 9, lines 45-55"}]}],"slug":"2020-19-1414-united-states-v-cooley","term":"2020","title":"Can tribal police detain non-members for state crimes?","title_sources":[{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 33, lines 15-11","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 33, lines 15-11"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-51","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 4, lines 23-51"},{"evidence_type":"Transcript","label":"Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 65, lines 37-9","official_url":"https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2020/19-1414_p86b.pdf","page_label":"file page 65, lines 37-9"}],"topics":[],"undated_disposition_date_fallback":"latest_argument_date","updated_at":"2026-09-05T03:22:24Z"}