October Term 2019 · Docket 18-1195

Can states exclude religious schools from public scholarship programs?

Parents seek to use tax-credit scholarships at religious schools. Montana officials argue state law bars this funding.

Official caption
Espinoza v. Montana Dept. of Revenue
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Argued
Sources analyzed through
Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Komer argued the state cannot exclude religious schools.

    Unikowsky argued the state constitution mandates this exclusion.

    Wall argued the state court correctly applied state law.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests whether a state can deny public funds to religious schools. The dispute centers on Montana's no-aid clause. Parents claim this clause violates the Free Exercise Clause. Officials claim the clause protects state autonomy.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 22, 2020.

Official sources for this section

What each side wants

Parents want to use scholarships at religious schools.

Officials want to keep state funds out of religious schools.

Official sources for this section

What each side says

Parents argue the state discriminates against religion.

Officials argue the state constitution requires this exclusion.

Official sources for this section

What the justices asked

Justice Kagan asked if secular parents face the same harm.

Justice Ginsburg questioned the parents' standing to sue.

Official sources for this section

Why it matters

This case defines state power over religious education funding. It determines if states can ban religious schools from public aid. The outcome shapes the scope of religious freedom rights.

Official sources for this section

What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

Official sources for this section

Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

Download this sanitized case as JSON