October Term 2014 · Docket 13-628

Can Congress force the President to list Jerusalem as Israel's capital on passports?

A citizen seeks a passport listing Jerusalem as Israel's capital. The government claims this power belongs solely to the President.

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Zivotofsky v. Kerry
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Ms. Lewin argued passport entries do not amount to formal recognition.

    General Verrilli addressed the core problem with the specific statutory section.

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    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests whether Congress can direct the President to recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital on passports.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 3, 2014.

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What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the passport to list Jerusalem as Israel's capital.

The government wants to keep the power to decide this designation.

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What each side says

the side that brought the case argues passport entries do not constitute formal sovereign recognition.

The government argues the President alone controls foreign recognition policy.

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What the justices asked

Justice Ginsburg asked if the provision is disconnected from the section's purpose.

Justice Breyer asked how judges handle State Department policy claims about recognition.

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Why it matters

This case defines the boundary between legislative and executive power in foreign affairs.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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