October Term 2013 · Docket 12-7822

Can a co-tenant's prior objection block a later police search?

The dispute centers on whether a co-tenant's earlier refusal to allow entry invalidates a later consent given by another resident.

Official caption
Fernandez v. California
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Jeffrey Fisher argued third-party consent creates a rebuttable presumption of authority.

    He stated social custom allows one resident to speak for all when police arrive.

    The state argued a present co-tenant's consent remains valid despite prior objections.

    They claimed absent tenants lack authority to block entry while away.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests the limits of third-party consent during home searches. It asks if an absent tenant's prior objection overrides a present tenant's later permission.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 13, 2013.

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What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the search ruled invalid due to the prior objection.

The state wants the search upheld based on the present tenant's consent.

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What each side says

the side that brought the case argues a prior objection creates a rebuttable presumption against entry.

The state argues a present co-tenant's consent is not nullified by an absent tenant's prior objection.

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What the justices asked

Justice Alito asked why a joint tenant cannot invite others into the home.

Justice Breyer asked if a tenant can invite police into her own house.

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Why it matters

This case defines the balance between individual privacy and police authority in shared homes. It clarifies when a resident's consent overrides another's refusal. The outcome shapes future searches in multi-occupant dwellings.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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