October Term 2009 · Docket 08-1065

Can a prosecutor face a civil suit for fabricating evidence?

The dispute centers on whether prosecutors hold absolute immunity from civil liability for allegedly fabricating evidence.

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Pottawattamie County v. McGhee
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Stephen Sanders argued that absolute immunity prevents suits against prosecutors for actions during judicial proceedings.

    Nathan Katyal argued that a cause of action exists against prosecutors for fabricating evidence.

    Paul Clement argued that the Court has already rejected liability for prosecutors in similar contexts.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

Pottawattamie County and the state argue that prosecutors enjoy absolute immunity from civil suits for actions taken during judicial proceedings. McGhee contends that this immunity does not shield prosecutors from liability for fabricating evidence. The Court must determine if a cause of action exists against prosecutors for such conduct.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 4, 2009.

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What each side wants

Pottawattamie County wants the Court to affirm the dismissal of the civil suit against the prosecutor.

McGhee wants the Court to reverse the dismissal and allow the civil suit against the prosecutor to proceed.

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What each side says

Pottawattamie County argues that absolute immunity protects prosecutors from civil liability for actions taken during judicial proceedings, including evidence fabrication.

McGhee argues that absolute immunity does not protect prosecutors from civil liability for fabricating evidence, distinguishing this conduct from standard judicial functions.

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What the justices asked

Justice Kennedy asked if the legal analysis should be identical when a police officer or a prosecutor fabricates evidence.

Justice Scalia asked if the prosecutor would be treated just like a police officer in this context.

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Why it matters

This case defines the scope of civil liability for prosecutors. It determines whether citizens can sue prosecutors for fabricating evidence. The outcome shapes the balance between prosecutorial independence and individual accountability.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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