October Term 2024 · Docket 24-249

Do schools face the same intent standard for all disability discrimination claims?

The dispute centers on whether courts must apply a single intent standard to all disability discrimination claims against schools.

Official caption
A. J. T. v. Osseo Area Schools
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Decided
Sources analyzed through
Post Opinion

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    The student's advocate stated that both sides agree the ADA and Rehabilitation Act apply the same legal standards to all plaintiffs.

    The school district's advocate argued that the defendant must have acted with discriminatory intent, described as bad faith, to be liable.

    Justice Roberts noted that the district conceded the main legal question, suggesting the case might be resolved by that concession alone.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

A student sued her school district for disability discrimination. The lower courts applied different intent standards to different legal claims. The parties now argue the Court should clarify the correct standard.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 28, 2025.

Official sources for this section

What each side wants

The student wants the Court to apply a single, uniform intent standard to all her disability discrimination claims.

The school district wants the Court to allow different intent standards for different types of disability discrimination claims.

Official sources for this section

What each side says

The student argues that the ADA and Rehabilitation Act require the same intent standard for all plaintiffs, rejecting uniquely stringent tests for children.

The school district argues that bare IDEA violations do not support liability under Section 504 or the ADA without discriminatory intent.

Official sources for this section

What the justices asked

Justice Kavanaugh asked about the difference between deliberate indifference and bad faith.

Justice Sotomayor questioned the source of the various intent tests and noted that motive is often irrelevant in law.

Official sources for this section

Why it matters

The decision will determine whether students must prove different levels of intent to win different types of disability discrimination lawsuits against schools.

Official sources for this section

What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

Official sources for this section

Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

Download this sanitized case as JSON