October Term 2024 · Docket 23-217

Does the Fair Labor Standards Act require clear and convincing proof for minimum wage claims?

the sides that brought the case seek a preponderance standard. the opposing sides demand clear and convincing proof for wage claims.

Official caption
E.M.D. Sales, Inc. v. Carrera
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Decided
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Post Opinion

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Ms. Blatt argued that the default civil standard is preponderance of the evidence.

    Ms. Brown asserted that Congress intended a preponderance standard for civil actions.

    Ms. Bateman stated that the judiciary traditionally sets proof standards when statutes are silent.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The dispute centers on the burden of proof for minimum wage claims. the sides that brought the case argue the default civil standard applies. the opposing sides claim a heightened standard protects workers.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 5, 2024.

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What each side wants

the sides that brought the case want the Court to apply the preponderance of the evidence standard.

the opposing sides want the Court to require clear and convincing evidence for wage claims.

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What each side says

the sides that brought the case argue that the default civil standard governs when statutes are silent.

the opposing sides argue that minimum wage claims deserve a heightened standard of proof.

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What the justices asked

Justice Kavanaugh asked how individual interests apply to cases involving money.

Justice Sotomayor asked why the error was not harmless in the lower court.

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Why it matters

The outcome sets the evidentiary burden for workers seeking unpaid wages. It defines how strictly courts must scrutinize employer defenses. This standard affects the difficulty of proving wage violations nationwide.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

Official sources for this section

Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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