October Term 2024 · Docket 23-1095
Does a true but misleading statement violate the bank fraud statute?
The dispute centers on whether Section 1014 covers statements that are technically true but convey an untrue message.
Verified source milestones
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official Court opinion was verified.
The arguments, in order
This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.
Argument 1 ·
What happened at the argument
Mr. Gair argued the text limits the statute to false statements.
Ms. Flynn argued context determines whether a statement is false.
Justice Alito questioned the side that brought the case's interpretation of the law.
Justice Jackson questioned the practical application of the definition.
Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details
Sources used for this argument breakdown
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 37-1 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 37-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 25-21 — Transcript, file page 39, lines 25-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-23 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 23-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-29 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 25-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 45-47 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 45-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 19-29 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 19-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 15-21 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 15-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 23-39 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 23-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 45-47 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 45-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-9 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 51-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 31-43 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 31-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 51-1 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 51-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 23-29 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 23-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 33-33 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 33-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 37-39 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 37-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 45-45 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 45-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 9-33 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 9-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 25-31 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 25-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 51-9 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 51-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 31-31 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 31-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 19-9 — Transcript, file page 78, lines 19-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-15 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 13-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 23-43 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 23-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 49-49 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 49-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 81, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 81, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 29-47 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 29-47
A citizen's guide to the whole case
What this case is about
This case tests the scope of federal bank fraud laws. the side that brought the case argues the statute bans only false statements. The government argues it bans statements that mislead listeners.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 25-21 — Transcript, file page 39, lines 25-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-23 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 23-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 19-9 — Transcript, file page 78, lines 19-9
How the case got here
The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 14, 2025.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 81, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 81, lines 17-19
What each side wants
the side that brought the case wants the conviction overturned.
The government wants the conviction upheld.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 25-21 — Transcript, file page 39, lines 25-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-23 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 23-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 19-9 — Transcript, file page 78, lines 19-9
What each side says
the side that brought the case argues the word false means not true.
The government argues a statement is false if it conveys an untrue message.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 25-21 — Transcript, file page 39, lines 25-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-23 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 23-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 19-9 — Transcript, file page 78, lines 19-9
What the justices asked
Justice Thomas asked how to distinguish false from misleading.
Justice Jackson asked how the definition helps the client.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 37-1 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 37-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-29 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 25-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 45-47 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 45-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 19-29 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 19-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 15-21 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 15-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 23-39 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 23-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 45-47 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 45-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-9 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 51-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 31-43 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 31-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 51-1 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 51-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 23-29 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 23-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 33-33 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 33-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 37-39 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 37-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 45-45 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 45-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 9-33 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 9-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 25-31 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 25-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 51-9 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 51-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 31-31 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 31-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-15 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 13-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 23-43 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 23-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 49-49 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 49-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 29-47 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 29-47
Why it matters
This case defines the boundary between legal and illegal statements in banking. It determines when truthfulness protects a speaker. It shapes federal fraud enforcement standards.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 25-21 — Transcript, file page 39, lines 25-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-23 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 23-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 19-9 — Transcript, file page 78, lines 19-9
What happens next
This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 37-1 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 37-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 25-29 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 25-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 45-47 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 45-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 19-29 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 19-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 15-21 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 15-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 23-39 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 23-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 45-47 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 45-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-9 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 51-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 31-43 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 31-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 51-1 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 51-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 23-29 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 23-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 33-33 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 33-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 37-39 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 37-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 45-45 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 45-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 9-33 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 9-33
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 25-31 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 25-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 51-9 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 51-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 31-31 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 31-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-15 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 13-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 23-43 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 23-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 49-49 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 49-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 81, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 81, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 29-47 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 29-47
Official Court provenance
Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page
Verified official opinions and orders
Title and summary sources
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 25-21 — Transcript, file page 39, lines 25-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-23 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 23-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 19-9 — Transcript, file page 78, lines 19-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 39, lines 25-21 — Transcript, file page 39, lines 25-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 4, lines 23-23 — Transcript, file page 4, lines 23-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 23-25 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 23-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 78, lines 19-9 — Transcript, file page 78, lines 19-9
Revision history
- Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·
Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.
- Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·
Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.