October Term 2022 · Docket 21-376
Can Congress force states to use special rules for Native child custody?
the sides that brought the case claim the law violates state sovereignty. the opposing sides say it protects tribal families.
Verified source milestones
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
- — An official Court opinion was verified.
The arguments, in order
This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.
Argument 1 ·
What happened at the argument
McGill argued the law harms children. He cited over 11,000 Native children in state care.
Stone argued Congress cannot force state action. He cited the Seminole Tribe decision.
Kneedler argued the law fixes past harms. He cited widespread separation of Native families.
Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details
Sources used for this argument breakdown
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 37-51 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 37-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 55-13 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 55-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 104, lines 47-1 — Transcript, file page 104, lines 47-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 23-31 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 23-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 21-35 — Transcript, file page 133, lines 21-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 23-37 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 23-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 41-43 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 41-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 29-49 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 29-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 29-53 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 29-53
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 137, lines 7-11 — Transcript, file page 137, lines 7-11
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 25-29 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 25-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 31-7 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 31-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 15-23 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 15-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 155, lines 55-15 — Transcript, file page 155, lines 55-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 165, lines 17-51 — Transcript, file page 165, lines 17-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 197, lines 55-13 — Transcript, file page 197, lines 55-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 21-45 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 21-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 47-47 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 47-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 49-51 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 49-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 55-7 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 55-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 199, lines 27-15 — Transcript, file page 199, lines 27-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 23-23 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 23-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 29-39 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 29-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 43-49 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 43-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 201, lines 13-19 — Transcript, file page 201, lines 13-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 201, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 201, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 205, lines 49-1 — Transcript, file page 205, lines 49-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 206, lines 13-17 — Transcript, file page 206, lines 13-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-41 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 39-35 — Transcript, file page 56, lines 39-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 43-51 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 43-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 45-29 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 45-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 35-47 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 35-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-1 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 51-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 13-31 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 13-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 45-49 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 45-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-7 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 55-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 33-47 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 33-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 55-25 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 55-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 55-7 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 55-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 41-43 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 41-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 47-49 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 47-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 53-9 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 53-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 35-45 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 35-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 11-13 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 11-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-15 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 13-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 33-35 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 33-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 43-47 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 43-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 88, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 15-19 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 15-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 25-51 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 25-51
A citizen's guide to the whole case
What this case is about
The case tests the Indian Child Welfare Act. It sets rules for placing Native children. the sides that brought the case call it unconstitutional. the opposing sides defend its purpose.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 104, lines 47-1 — Transcript, file page 104, lines 47-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 21-35 — Transcript, file page 133, lines 21-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 165, lines 17-51 — Transcript, file page 165, lines 17-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 47-47 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 47-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 206, lines 13-17 — Transcript, file page 206, lines 13-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-41 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 39-35 — Transcript, file page 56, lines 39-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 45-29 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 45-29
How the case got here
The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 9, 2022.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 155, lines 55-15 — Transcript, file page 155, lines 55-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 205, lines 49-1 — Transcript, file page 205, lines 49-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 88, lines 21-23
What each side wants
the sides that brought the case want the Court to strike down the law. They argue it forces states to act against their will.
the opposing sides want the Court to keep the law. They argue it stops the breakup of Native families.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 104, lines 47-1 — Transcript, file page 104, lines 47-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 21-35 — Transcript, file page 133, lines 21-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 165, lines 17-51 — Transcript, file page 165, lines 17-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 47-47 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 47-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 206, lines 13-17 — Transcript, file page 206, lines 13-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-41 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 39-35 — Transcript, file page 56, lines 39-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 45-29 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 45-29
What each side says
the sides that brought the case claim Congress lacks power to mandate state custody rules. They cite state sovereignty limits.
the opposing sides claim Congress can regulate tribal family integrity. They cite past harms to Native families.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 104, lines 47-1 — Transcript, file page 104, lines 47-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 21-35 — Transcript, file page 133, lines 21-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 165, lines 17-51 — Transcript, file page 165, lines 17-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 47-47 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 47-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 206, lines 13-17 — Transcript, file page 206, lines 13-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-41 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 39-35 — Transcript, file page 56, lines 39-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 45-29 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 45-29
What the justices asked
Justice Sotomayor asked if the good cause standard is part of the case. She questioned the scope of the issue.
Justice Sotomayor asked if foreign affairs powers allow such legislation. She probed the constitutional basis.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 37-51 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 37-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 55-13 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 55-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 23-31 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 23-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 23-37 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 23-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 41-43 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 41-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 29-49 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 29-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 29-53 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 29-53
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 137, lines 7-11 — Transcript, file page 137, lines 7-11
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 25-29 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 25-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 31-7 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 31-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 15-23 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 15-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 197, lines 55-13 — Transcript, file page 197, lines 55-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 21-45 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 21-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 49-51 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 49-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 55-7 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 55-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 199, lines 27-15 — Transcript, file page 199, lines 27-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 23-23 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 23-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 29-39 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 29-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 43-49 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 43-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 201, lines 13-19 — Transcript, file page 201, lines 13-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 201, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 201, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 43-51 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 43-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 35-47 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 35-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-1 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 51-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 13-31 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 13-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 45-49 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 45-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-7 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 55-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 33-47 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 33-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 55-25 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 55-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 55-7 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 55-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 41-43 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 41-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 47-49 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 47-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 53-9 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 53-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 35-45 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 35-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 11-13 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 11-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-15 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 13-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 33-35 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 33-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 43-47 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 43-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 15-19 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 15-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 25-51 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 25-51
Why it matters
The outcome defines federal power over state child welfare. It determines how courts handle Native adoptions. It shapes tribal sovereignty in family law.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 104, lines 47-1 — Transcript, file page 104, lines 47-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 21-35 — Transcript, file page 133, lines 21-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 165, lines 17-51 — Transcript, file page 165, lines 17-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 47-47 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 47-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 206, lines 13-17 — Transcript, file page 206, lines 13-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-41 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 39-35 — Transcript, file page 56, lines 39-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 45-29 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 45-29
What happens next
This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.
Official sources for this section
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 37-51 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 37-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 10, lines 55-13 — Transcript, file page 10, lines 55-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 11, lines 23-31 — Transcript, file page 11, lines 23-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 23-37 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 23-37
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 41-43 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 41-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 134, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 134, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 11-15 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 11-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 29-49 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 29-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 135, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 135, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 136, lines 29-53 — Transcript, file page 136, lines 29-53
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 137, lines 7-11 — Transcript, file page 137, lines 7-11
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 25-29 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 25-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 138, lines 31-7 — Transcript, file page 138, lines 31-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 140, lines 15-23 — Transcript, file page 140, lines 15-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 155, lines 55-15 — Transcript, file page 155, lines 55-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 197, lines 55-13 — Transcript, file page 197, lines 55-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 17-19 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 17-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 21-45 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 21-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 49-51 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 49-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 55-7 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 55-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 199, lines 27-15 — Transcript, file page 199, lines 27-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 23-23 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 23-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 29-39 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 29-39
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 43-49 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 43-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 200, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 200, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 201, lines 13-19 — Transcript, file page 201, lines 13-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 201, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 201, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 205, lines 49-1 — Transcript, file page 205, lines 49-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 11-21 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 11-21
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 6, lines 43-51 — Transcript, file page 6, lines 43-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 35-47 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 35-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 67, lines 51-1 — Transcript, file page 67, lines 51-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 13-31 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 13-31
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 45-49 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 45-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 68, lines 55-7 — Transcript, file page 68, lines 55-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 33-47 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 33-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 69, lines 55-25 — Transcript, file page 69, lines 55-25
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 7, lines 55-7 — Transcript, file page 7, lines 55-7
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 41-43 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 41-43
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 47-49 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 47-49
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 70, lines 53-9 — Transcript, file page 70, lines 53-9
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 71, lines 35-45 — Transcript, file page 71, lines 35-45
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 72, lines 11-13 — Transcript, file page 72, lines 11-13
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 13-15 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 13-15
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 23-27 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 23-27
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 33-35 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 33-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 43-47 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 43-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 8, lines 53-1 — Transcript, file page 8, lines 53-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 88, lines 21-23 — Transcript, file page 88, lines 21-23
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 15-19 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 15-19
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 9, lines 25-51 — Transcript, file page 9, lines 25-51
Official Court provenance
Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page
Verified official opinions and orders
Title and summary sources
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 104, lines 47-1 — Transcript, file page 104, lines 47-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 21-35 — Transcript, file page 133, lines 21-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 165, lines 17-51 — Transcript, file page 165, lines 17-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 47-47 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 47-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 206, lines 13-17 — Transcript, file page 206, lines 13-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-41 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 39-35 — Transcript, file page 56, lines 39-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 45-29 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 45-29
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 104, lines 47-1 — Transcript, file page 104, lines 47-1
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 133, lines 21-35 — Transcript, file page 133, lines 21-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 165, lines 17-51 — Transcript, file page 165, lines 17-51
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 198, lines 47-47 — Transcript, file page 198, lines 47-47
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 206, lines 13-17 — Transcript, file page 206, lines 13-17
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 5, lines 23-41 — Transcript, file page 5, lines 23-41
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 56, lines 39-35 — Transcript, file page 56, lines 39-35
- Official Supreme Court Transcript — file page 66, lines 45-29 — Transcript, file page 66, lines 45-29
Revision history
- Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·
Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.
- Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·
Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.