October Term 2022 · Docket 21-1484

Does the Navajo Reservation Include a Right to Water?

The Navajo Nation claims a federal right to water. Arizona disputes this claim.

Official caption
Arizona v. Navajo Nation
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Decided
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Liu argued the reservation includes water rights under Winters.

    Ms. Maguire noted confusion about federal reserved rights during argument.

    Justice Gorsuch asked about treaty provisions for agriculture and permanent homes.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The Navajo Nation seeks water rights for its reservation. Arizona opposes this claim. The Court must resolve this conflict.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 20, 2023.

Official sources for this section

What each side wants

The Navajo Nation wants a federal water right for its reservation.

Arizona wants to deny the Navajo Nation a federal water right.

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What each side says

The Navajo Nation argues reservation creation includes water rights.

Arizona argues the reservation does not include water rights.

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What the justices asked

Chief Justice Roberts asked how far the water source is from agricultural areas.

Justice Alito asked if the Nation has hundreds of thousands of acre-feet of water.

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Why it matters

This case determines water access for the Navajo Nation. It affects agricultural use in the region. It defines federal reserved rights for reservations.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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