October Term 2022 · Docket 21-1195

Does the Bank Secrecy Act allow one penalty per unreported account?

The dispute centers on whether the government can charge a separate civil penalty for each foreign account a person fails to report.

Official caption
Bittner v. United States
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Decided
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Geyser argued that ignorance of the law is not an excuse for non-compliance.

    Mr. Guarnieri stated the Bank Secrecy Act authorizes a separate penalty for each account.

    Mr. Guarnieri claimed the side that brought the case never found a case supporting a single penalty for multiple accounts.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests the scope of civil penalties under the Bank Secrecy Act. the side that brought the case argues the statute limits fines to one per person. The government contends Congress intended a separate fine for every unreported account.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 2, 2022.

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What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the Court to limit the penalty to one fine per person.

The government wants the Court to allow a separate fine for each unreported account.

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What each side says

the side that brought the case argues the statute does not authorize multiple penalties for a single failure to report.

The government argues the statutory text and regulations support a penalty for each individual account.

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What the justices asked

Justice Kagan asked if the side that brought the case's view forces equal treatment for small and large accounts.

Justice Kavanaugh noted the unusual nature of draconian penalties for non-willful violations.

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Why it matters

The outcome defines the financial risk for individuals with multiple foreign accounts. It determines whether a single oversight triggers one fine or many. This rule shapes compliance costs for wealthy taxpayers and small account holders alike.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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