October Term 2022 · Docket 21-1168

Does registering a foreign company in a state create consent to jurisdiction?

A railroad company challenges a Pennsylvania law that treats business registration as consent to local court jurisdiction.

Official caption
Mallory v. Norfolk Southern Railway Co.
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Keller argued that states enacted consent-by-registration laws as early as 1827.

    Mr. Phillips argued that the Due Process Clause requires a relationship among the defendant, state, and litigation.

    questions_and_answers

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

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A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

Norfolk Southern Railway argues that registering to do business in Pennsylvania does not consent to jurisdiction for unrelated claims. Mallory argues that the state law creates valid consent for all local disputes.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 8, 2022.

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What each side wants

Mallory wants the Court to uphold the state law as valid consent.

Norfolk Southern wants the Court to strike down the law as unconstitutional.

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What each side says

Mallory argues that historical state laws established consent-by-registration as a valid legal practice.

Norfolk Southern argues that registration does not imply consent to jurisdiction for unrelated claims.

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What the justices asked

Justice Kagan asked if registration papers explicitly state consent to jurisdiction.

Justice Alito asked if the historical argument requires a settled practice of upholding jurisdiction by consent in foreign cases.

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Why it matters

This case determines whether states can use business registration to assert jurisdiction over foreign companies for unrelated disputes. The outcome affects how companies structure their legal exposure across state lines.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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