October Term 2021 · Docket 21-429

Can Oklahoma prosecute non-Indians who harm Indians on tribal land?

Oklahoma seeks state power to try non-Indians for crimes against Indians. The defendant argues federal law blocks this.

Official caption
Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Decided
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  4. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Oklahoma's counsel argued the state has inherent authority over tribal lands.

    The defendant's counsel cited statutory text to claim exclusive federal jurisdiction.

    The federal government's counsel supported the exclusive federal jurisdiction view.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests state criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians in Indian country. The dispute follows the McGirt decision. It concerns who holds prosecutorial authority.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 27, 2022.

Official sources for this section

What each side wants

Oklahoma wants authority to prosecute non-Indians for crimes against Indians.

Castro-Huerta wants the state barred from prosecuting him.

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What each side says

Oklahoma argues state sovereignty extends to tribal lands in Oklahoma.

Castro-Huerta argues federal law grants exclusive jurisdiction to the federal government.

Official sources for this section

What the justices asked

Justice Thomas asked why this is the first such case.

Justice Gorsuch asked if the state claims inherent sovereignty over tribal lands.

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Why it matters

This dispute determines who protects tribal members from non-Indian violence. It defines the boundary between state and federal power. It impacts public safety in Indian country.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

Official sources for this section

Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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