October Term 2021 · Docket 20-322

Does the word enjoin require courts to stop or start immigration actions?

The government argues enjoin means stop. The detainee argues it means both stop and start.

Official caption
Garland, Att'y Gen. v. Gonzalez
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Gannon argued the government's position on the statutory text.

    Mr. Adams argued for a hearing before an independent decisionmaker.

    Justice Kagan questioned the natural meaning of the word operation.

    Justice Kagan explored the dictionary definition of the word enjoin.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests the meaning of the word enjoin in immigration law. The government says it means to stop an action. The detainee says it means to stop or start an action. This definition controls which courts can review detention orders.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 11, 2022.

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What each side wants

The government wants courts to only stop actions when enjoin appears.

The detainee wants courts to stop or start actions when enjoin appears.

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What each side says

The government argues enjoin means to stop the functioning of a statute.

The detainee argues enjoin means to order or require a specific action.

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What the justices asked

Justice Kagan asked if enjoin means both stop and require.

Justice Kagan asked if the ordinary reading suggests stopping something.

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Why it matters

The definition of enjoin determines which courts can review detention. It controls access to independent decisionmakers for prolonged detention. It shapes the balance between executive power and individual liberty.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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