October Term 2021 · Docket 20-303

Does Puerto Rico's unique tax status justify excluding residents from federal disability benefits?

Puerto Rico residents argue that excluding them from Supplemental Security Income violates equal protection. The government argues their distinct tax status provides a rational basis for the exclusion.

Official caption
United States v. Vaello-Madero
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Decided
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Gannon argued the Territory Clause has no expiration date.

    Mr. Ferre noted that moving to Puerto Rico strips residents of federal voting rights.

    justice_questions

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests whether Congress can deny federal disability benefits to Puerto Rico residents. The dispute centers on the rational basis for this exclusion.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 9, 2021.

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What each side wants

The government wants the Court to uphold the exclusion of Puerto Rico residents from federal disability benefits.

the side that brought the case wants the Court to strike down the exclusion as a violation of equal protection.

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What each side says

The government argues Puerto Rico's unique tax status provides a rational basis for the exclusion.

the side that brought the case argues the exclusion lacks a rational basis and violates equal protection principles.

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What the justices asked

Justice Thomas asked if the Territory Clause provides sufficient authority for the government's action.

Justice Sotomayor asked if excluding a state based on cost would pass equal protection review.

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Why it matters

This case determines whether federal disability benefits must extend to all U.S. territories. It defines the scope of equal protection for residents without full voting representation.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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