October Term 2020 · Docket 20-543

Do Alaska Native Corporations qualify as Indian Tribes under federal law?

The dispute centers on whether Alaska Native Corporations meet the legal definition of an Indian Tribe for federal funding purposes.

Official caption
Yellen v. Confederated Tribes of Chehalis Reservation
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Decided
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Rasmussen argued that the D.C. Circuit correctly excluded Alaska Native Corporations.

    Mr. Clement stated that Congress created Alaska Native Corporations as unique entities.

    Mr. Clement argued that Alaska Native Corporations have never been sovereign.

    Mr. Guarnieri argued that Congress deliberately included Alaska Native Corporations in the definition.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case asks if Alaska Native Corporations count as Indian Tribes under federal statutes. The government argues they do not. The tribes argue they do.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 19, 2021.

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What each side wants

The government wants the Court to confirm that Alaska Native Corporations are not Indian Tribes.

The tribes want the Court to declare that Alaska Native Corporations are Indian Tribes.

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What each side says

The government argues that Alaska Native Corporations lack the formal political recognition required by the statute.

The tribes argue that Congress intended to include Alaska Native Corporations in the definition of Indian Tribe.

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What the justices asked

Justice Sotomayor asked how the Court can limit the ruling to the CARES Act only.

Justice Breyer asked if Alaska corporations make expenditures similar to those in the CARES Act.

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Why it matters

This case determines which entities receive federal Indian benefits. It affects the distribution of special funds to Alaska natives. It clarifies the legal status of Alaska Native Corporations.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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