October Term 2020 · Docket 19-5410

Does the Armed Career Criminal Act cover reckless force?

The dispute centers on whether the statute includes crimes committed with reckless disregard for safety.

Official caption
Borden v. United States
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Decided
Sources analyzed through
Post Opinion

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    the side that brought the case argued the statute requires intentional force.

    The government argued the statute covers reckless force.

    Justices questioned the distinction between recklessness and intent.

    Advocates cited prior Supreme Court decisions for support.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests the scope of the Armed Career Criminal Act. It asks if the law covers reckless acts. the side that brought the case argues the law requires intent. The government argues the law covers reckless conduct. The Court must define the term use of force.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 3, 2020.

Official sources for this section

What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the Court to limit the statute to intentional acts.

The government wants the Court to include reckless acts in the statute.

Official sources for this section

What each side says

the side that brought the case argues the word use implies active, intentional employment of force.

The government argues prior precedent supports including reckless conduct in the definition.

Official sources for this section

What the justices asked

Justice Alito asked if ordinary recklessness differs from depraved heart murder.

Justice Breyer asked how to define reckless disregard of substantial risk.

Official sources for this section

Why it matters

The outcome defines which prior convictions trigger enhanced sentences. It clarifies the mental state required for violent felonies. It affects sentencing consistency across federal courts. It shapes the boundary between intentional and reckless criminal conduct.

Official sources for this section

What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

Official sources for this section

Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

Download this sanitized case as JSON