October Term 2020 · Docket 19-368

Does selling a car in a state create jurisdiction for a crash there?

Ford argues that selling a car in Montana does not create jurisdiction for a crash there. Montana argues that the sale creates the necessary legal connection.

Official caption
Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Judicial Dist. Court
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  3. — An official Court opinion was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Ford's counsel argued that specific jurisdiction requires suit-related conduct in the forum state. He stated that the defendant must engage in conduct relevant to the claims.

    Justice Breyer noted that the doctrine aims to prevent unfairness to defendants. He observed that the car was sent to the state.

    Justice Thomas questioned the connection between the Due Process Clause and proximate cause. He asked counsel to trace the legal lineage of this requirement.

    Chief Justice Roberts asked if advertising in all states satisfies jurisdictional requirements. He posed a hypothetical about a safety claim arising from an ad.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

Ford Motor Company seeks to dismiss a lawsuit. The company claims Montana courts lack power over it. The state argues the courts have proper authority.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 7, 2020.

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What each side wants

Ford wants the Supreme Court to dismiss the lawsuit. The company argues it lacks sufficient ties to Montana.

Montana wants the Supreme Court to keep the lawsuit. The state argues the car sale creates a valid legal link.

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What each side says

Ford argues that specific jurisdiction requires suit-related conduct in the forum state. The company claims its advertising does not satisfy this requirement.

Montana argues that the Due Process Clause allows jurisdiction based on relatedness. The state claims the car sale connects to the injury.

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What the justices asked

Chief Justice Roberts asked if Ford advertises in all fifty states. He questioned how advertising relates to the specific claim.

Justice Thomas asked how the Due Process Clause leads to a proximate cause argument. He requested a lineage tracing back to International Shoe.

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Why it matters

This case defines when a company faces lawsuits in distant states. It determines the scope of personal jurisdiction for national businesses. The outcome shapes the balance between state power and corporate mobility.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Verified official opinions and orders

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Post Opinion ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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