October Term 2019 · Docket 19-635

Can a state grand jury subpoena a sitting President's personal records?

The dispute centers on whether a state prosecutor may compel a sitting President to hand over personal financial records for a criminal investigation.

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Trump v. Vance
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Jay Sekulow argued no county district attorney has issued criminal process against a sitting President in history.

    Sekulow claimed the Constitution does not allow such process and that the New York prosecutor acknowledged Article II burdens.

    General Francisco argued a local prosecutor must show a specific need for the President's personal records.

    Francisco cited the potential threat state proceedings pose to the presidency as a reason for this requirement.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests the limits of presidential immunity against state criminal process. the side that brought the case argues the Constitution bars such subpoenas to protect executive duties. the opposing side argues prosecutors must prove necessity before seeking these records.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on May 12, 2020.

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What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the Court to quash the subpoena and bar state criminal process against a sitting President.

the opposing side wants the Court to allow the subpoena if the prosecutor demonstrates a specific need for the records.

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What each side says

the side that brought the case argues the Constitution prohibits state criminal process against a sitting President to prevent interference with executive duties.

the opposing side argues a local prosecutor must show a specific need for the President's personal records before issuing a subpoena.

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What the justices asked

Chief Justice Roberts asked if the side that brought the case argues the grand jury cannot investigate the President.

Chief Justice Roberts asked if the side that brought the case accepts that grand juries can investigate but not use subpoenas effectively.

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Why it matters

This case defines the balance between presidential immunity and state criminal investigations. It determines whether sitting Presidents face unique legal barriers in state courts. The outcome shapes the scope of executive power and state prosecutorial authority.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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