October Term 2018 · Docket 18-431

Does the Armed Career Criminal Act's residual clause violate the Constitution?

The dispute centers on whether a vague statutory clause allows courts to convict defendants based on subjective risk assessments.

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United States v. Davis
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    the side that brought the case's advocate argued the residual clause should be invalidated.

    The advocate cited the need for Congress to speak more clearly on prohibitions.

    justice_questioning

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests the constitutionality of a specific sentencing provision. The government argues the clause is valid. The defendant argues it is unconstitutionally vague.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 17, 2019.

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What each side wants

The government wants the Court to uphold the residual clause as a valid sentencing tool.

The defendant wants the Court to strike down the residual clause as unconstitutionally vague.

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What each side says

The government argues the clause provides sufficient notice to defendants about prohibited conduct.

The defendant argues the clause requires judges to make subjective predictions about future behavior.

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What the justices asked

Justice Ginsburg asked if the case avoided a circumstance-specific approach.

Justice Sotomayor questioned whether the language best supports a categorical approach.

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Why it matters

This issue determines whether courts can enhance sentences based on vague statutory language. It affects the rights of defendants facing enhanced penalties. It clarifies the limits of judicial discretion in sentencing.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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