October Term 2014 · Docket 13-604

Does a reasonable mistake of law justify a traffic stop?

North Carolina argues that a police officer’s reasonable error about the law justifies a stop. The driver argues that such mistakes violate the Fourth Amendment.

Official caption
Heien v. North Carolina
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Jeffrey Fisher argued that officers should know the law. He stated that citizens rely on this presumption.

    North Carolina’s advocate argued that the Fourth Amendment allows reasonable errors. He emphasized that police do not need to be perfect.

    questions_and_answers

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests whether a police officer’s reasonable mistake of law can justify a traffic stop. North Carolina claims the officer acted reasonably. The driver claims the stop was unlawful.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 6, 2014.

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What each side wants

North Carolina wants the Court to uphold the traffic stop. It argues the officer’s reasonable mistake of law justifies the seizure.

The driver wants the Court to suppress evidence from the stop. It argues a reasonable mistake of law does not justify a seizure.

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What each side says

North Carolina argues that the Fourth Amendment does not require police officers to be perfect. It claims reasonable mistakes of law should be tolerated.

The driver argues that officers must know the law. It claims a reasonable mistake of law does not provide probable cause for a stop.

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What the justices asked

Chief Justice Roberts asked if the Fourth Amendment protects only against unreasonable searches. He questioned the basis for the stop.

Justice Alito asked if an officer could request a search after issuing a warning. He explored the scope of the interaction.

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Why it matters

This case defines the limits of police authority. It determines whether officers can rely on reasonable legal errors. The outcome shapes future traffic stops nationwide.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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