October Term 2014 · Docket 13-534

Does a state board of licensed professionals qualify for antitrust immunity when its members regulate their own competitors?

The dispute centers on whether a state dental board's enforcement of cease-and-desist orders against non-licensed hygienists violates federal antitrust law.

Official caption
North Carolina State Bd. of Dental Examiners v. FTC
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Mooppan argued the board retains state immunity. He stated part-time status does not remove protection. He emphasized the need to balance expert benefits against risks.

    Mr. Stewart argued the board acts as a private entity. He stated active supervision is required for private agencies. He claimed this case illustrates the need for strict oversight.

    Justice Alito asked whether federal or state law defines state instrumentality. He sought clarity on the governing legal framework.

    Justice Ginsburg noted the board lacked authority to issue orders. She questioned the basis for antitrust exemption without state authorization.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

North Carolina's dental board issued orders against non-licensed hygienists. The Federal Trade Commission challenged these actions. The board claims state antitrust immunity. The FTC argues the board acted as a private entity.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 14, 2014.

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What each side wants

The board wants the Court to affirm its antitrust immunity. It argues its members act as state officials. It seeks to keep its regulatory powers intact.

The FTC wants the Court to deny antitrust immunity. It argues the board acted as a private competitor. It seeks to enforce federal antitrust laws against the board.

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What each side says

The board argues state agency status grants immunity. It claims part-time officials retain state action protection. It asserts experts should balance regulatory costs and benefits.

The FTC argues the board lacks active state supervision. It claims private agency status requires strict oversight. It asserts the board acted without valid state authorization.

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What the justices asked

Justice Kagan asked which specific factors determine state agency status. She questioned if all listed factors are mandatory.

Justice Breyer asked if a simple oath changes the legal analysis. He questioned if this case differs from prior precedent involving oaths. He asked how this case differs if the proposition is accepted.

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Why it matters

This case defines the boundary between state regulation and private competition. It determines whether professional boards can restrict market entry. It impacts how states structure regulatory agencies. It affects the balance between expert oversight and free markets.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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