October Term 2014 · Docket 13-1352

Does a preschooler's answer to a teacher count as testimony?

Ohio and Clark disagree on whether a child's statement to a teacher is testimonial evidence.

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Ohio v. Clark
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Meyer argued for Ohio. He said denying child evidence harms justice. He claimed the law protects injured children.

    Mr. Fisher argued for Clark. He said they do not seek a ban on all statements. He focused on the specific context of this case.

    Ms. Eisenstein argued for Clark. She said the Ohio Supreme Court erred. She claimed the teachers were not equivalent to police.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests the Confrontation Clause. It asks if a child's words to a teacher count as testimony. The lower court said yes. Ohio says no. The child told a teacher about injuries. The teacher asked questions. The child answered. The state used these answers in court. The defense objected. The Ohio Supreme Court agreed with the defense.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 2, 2015.

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What each side wants

Ohio wants the Court to allow the child's statements. It argues the teacher acted like a private citizen. It seeks to admit the evidence at trial.

Clark wants the Court to exclude the child's statements. It argues the teacher acted like a police officer. It seeks to bar the evidence at trial.

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What each side says

Ohio argues the teacher's questions were not investigative. It claims the setting was not a formal interrogation. It says the Confrontation Clause does not apply here.

Clark argues the teacher acted as a state agent. It claims the questions sought evidence for prosecution. It says the Confrontation Clause applies to these statements.

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What the justices asked

Justice Sotomayor asked if the recipient's identity matters. She focused on the intent to use statements later.

Justice Scalia asked if the Due Process Clause covers hearsay. He questioned if government agency status triggers the Confrontation Clause.

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Why it matters

This case defines the scope of the Confrontation Clause. It determines when child statements become testimonial. It affects how prosecutors handle evidence from young victims. It shapes the rights of defendants in abuse cases. It clarifies the role of teachers in legal proceedings.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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