October Term 2013 · Docket 13-115

Does objective safety justify moving protesters?

Protesters claim Secret Service agents moved them based on their political views. Agents argue safety concerns required the action.

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Wood v. Moss
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Wilker argued the plaintiffs pled a plausible claim. He stated they alleged intentional viewpoint discrimination.

    Mr. Gershengorn described the physical layout of the protest area. He noted the alley entry point on California Street.

    Justice Kennedy asked if objective bases make motive irrelevant. He questioned the weight of subjective intent in such cases.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests whether officials can move protesters for safety reasons. The core issue is if subjective intent matters when objective grounds exist.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 26, 2014.

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What each side wants

Protesters want a ruling that subjective intent matters. They seek to prove agents acted with discriminatory motives.

Agents want a ruling that objective safety justifies action. They seek dismissal of the discrimination claims.

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What each side says

Protesters argue agents moved them solely due to their political views. They claim this violates core First Amendment principles.

Agents argue they acted for objective safety reasons. They contend subjective motives are irrelevant if safety grounds exist.

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What the justices asked

Justice Scalia asked if objective reasons negate unconstitutional motives. He suggested the case is simple if objective grounds exist.

Justice Breyer asked if the Court should reach the intent question. He noted the distinction between ordinary police and Secret Service agents.

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Why it matters

This dispute defines the limits of government power over speech. It determines if officials can prioritize safety over viewpoint neutrality. The outcome shapes how agencies manage public demonstrations.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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