October Term 2013 · Docket 12-8561

Does a victim's loss require direct causation by a specific offender?

The dispute centers on whether a sentencing judge can award restitution for losses not directly caused by the defendant's specific conduct.

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Paroline v. United States
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    the side that brought the case's counsel argued that all losses must be proximately caused by the defendant's offense conduct.

    The government's counsel argued that the statute promises the victim restitution for all of her losses.

    The government's counsel contended that the side that brought the case's position would leave the victim with nothing in restitution.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests the scope of a federal restitution statute. The core issue is how courts calculate damages when multiple offenders contribute to a victim's harm.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 22, 2014.

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What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the court to limit restitution to losses directly caused by the defendant's specific actions.

The government wants the court to allow restitution for the victim's total losses, even if not directly caused by one offender.

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What each side says

the side that brought the case argues that statutory law requires a direct causal link between the defendant's conduct and the victim's specific losses.

The government argues that the statute promises full compensation for the victim's total losses, regardless of individual offender causation.

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What the justices asked

Justice Alito asked why proximate causation is a legal issue rather than a factual one.

Justice Kennedy asked why the award is not based on the aggregate number of offenders.

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Why it matters

This case defines how courts calculate financial compensation for victims of crimes involving multiple perpetrators. It determines whether victims receive full compensation or only a portion tied to specific defendants. The outcome shapes restitution standards for similar federal crimes.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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