October Term 2012 · Docket 12-484

Does Title VII require but-for causation for retaliation claims?

The dispute centers on the legal standard for proving workplace retaliation under Title VII.

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University of Tex. Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Joseffer argued that the Gross decision and 1991 amendments support the but-for standard.

    Mr. Lauten argued that Congress would not create two standards without explicit language.

    Ms. Arbus Sherry addressed why Congress might adopt different standards for different claims.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case asks whether a plaintiff must prove that retaliation was the sole cause of an adverse action. the side that brought the case argues the but-for standard applies. the opposing side argues a lesser standard applies.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 24, 2013.

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What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the Court to apply the but-for causation standard to retaliation claims.

the opposing side wants the Court to apply a lesser causation standard to retaliation claims.

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What each side says

the side that brought the case argues that the 1991 amendments did not change the traditional burden of proof for retaliation.

the opposing side argues that Congress created two distinct causation standards within the same statute in 1991.

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What the justices asked

Justice Kagan asked if any other discrimination statute uses different standards for retaliation and discrimination.

Justice Ginsburg asked if age discrimination claims use the same standard for both types of claims.

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Why it matters

The outcome defines the evidentiary burden for employees alleging workplace retaliation. It determines how strictly courts must link retaliatory acts to adverse employment decisions.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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