October Term 2011 · Docket 10-6549

Does the federal sex offender registration law apply to crimes committed before the law passed?

The dispute centers on whether a federal law requiring sex offender registration applies to individuals convicted before the law took effect.

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Reynolds v. United States
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Ms. Cain argued that Congress included a provision delegating authority to the Attorney General for pre-enactment offenders.

    Ms. Sherry stated that the Wetterling Act was not retroactive and did not apply to pre-enactment conduct.

    The government advocate stated that the statute applies facially to all sex offenders regardless of conviction date.

    Justice Scalia expressed concern about leaving the determination of criminal status to the Attorney General.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case examines the scope of a federal registration mandate. The core issue is whether the law reaches past convictions or only future ones.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 3, 2011.

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What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the Court to rule that the registration law does not apply to pre-enactment convictions.

The government wants the Court to rule that the registration law applies to all sex offenders regardless of conviction date.

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What each side says

the side that brought the case argues that Congress delegated authority to the Attorney General to decide how to apply the law to past offenders.

The government argues that the statute textually applies to all sex offenders without distinguishing the date of their conviction.

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What the justices asked

Chief Justice Roberts asked whether the Wetterling Act requirement applied as of the enactment date or reached back.

Justice Kennedy asked if the criminal conviction resulted from the client being in a covered class of persons.

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Why it matters

This case determines whether federal registration mandates can reach individuals convicted before the law existed. It defines the temporal scope of criminal compliance requirements. It impacts how legislatures draft laws affecting past conduct. It clarifies the role of executive discretion in applying statutory mandates.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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