October Term 2011 · Docket 10-545

Can Congress restore copyright to foreign works in the public domain?

the sides that brought the case argue Section 514 violates the Constitution by removing works from the public domain. The government defends the statute as a valid exercise of legislative power.

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Golan v. Holder
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Anthony Falzone argued Section 514 took millions of works out of the public domain.

    He claimed this unprecedented action violated the Copyright Clause and the First Amendment.

    General Verrilli responded by addressing the concept of setting the copyright term at zero.

    He argued this approach distinguishes the statute from standard copyright term extensions.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests the limits of congressional power over copyright terms. It asks whether the Copyright Clause permits restoring protection to works that previously lacked it.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 5, 2011.

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What each side wants

the sides that brought the case want the Court to strike down Section 514 as unconstitutional.

The government wants the Court to uphold Section 514 as valid law.

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What each side says

the sides that brought the case argue the statute violates the Copyright Clause by taking works from the public domain.

The government argues Congress validly set the initial copyright term at zero for foreign works.

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What the justices asked

Justice Ginsburg asked if a U.S. author published in the same year as De Tocqueville holds copyright today.

Justice Sotomayor asked if the lack of initial protection distinguishes these works from standard term extensions.

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Why it matters

The outcome defines the scope of public domain rights. It determines whether Congress can retroactively restore copyright to foreign works. This affects access to cultural and historical materials for all Americans.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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