October Term 2010 · Docket 137 ORIG.

Does a 1945 compact freeze water consumption or only diversion amounts?

Montana and Wyoming dispute whether a 1945 compact limits total water use or only the volume diverted from the river.

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Montana v. Wyoming
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    General Bullock argued that the compact freezes total water consumption.

    Justice Roberts noted that beneficial use is irrigation and questioned if usage increased after diversion.

    Justice Sotomayor asked if pre-1950 irrigators could change their crops.

    Justice Kennedy suggested the compact language might only show reduced water amounts.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

Montana and Wyoming argue over the meaning of a 1945 interstate compact. The states disagree on whether the agreement freezes total water consumption or only the amount diverted from the river. This distinction determines how much water each state may use for irrigation.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 10, 2011.

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What each side wants

Montana wants the Court to interpret the compact as freezing total water consumption.

Wyoming wants the Court to interpret the compact as freezing only the amount of water diverted.

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What each side says

Montana argues that the compact limits the total volume of water a state can use.

Wyoming argues that the compact limits only the physical amount of water taken from the river.

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What the justices asked

Justice Ginsburg asked for the specific language that freezes consumption rather than diversion.

Justice Kennedy asked why Article V(A) does not simply restate the beneficial use issue.

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Why it matters

The interpretation determines the total volume of water available for agricultural irrigation in the basin. It defines the legal boundary between diversion limits and consumption caps for upstream and downstream states.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

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Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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