October Term 2010 · Docket 10-5258

Does a prior conviction count if the law changed the maximum sentence after the crime?

The dispute centers on whether a state law change that increased a maximum sentence applies to past convictions.

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McNeill v. United States
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    the side that brought the case's counsel argued that statutory words, purpose, and results all matter when construing the law.

    The government's counsel emphasized that the statute defines qualifying offenses by the maximum term prescribed by law.

    Justices debated whether the present tense in the statute refers to the time of the prior offense or the current sentencing date.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case asks how courts count prior convictions when state laws change sentencing rules.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on April 25, 2011.

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What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the court to count his prior convictions based on the law in effect when he committed them.

The government wants the court to count his prior convictions based on the current maximum sentence.

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What each side says

the side that brought the case argues that the statute requires looking at the law that existed when the prior offense occurred.

The government argues that the statute refers to the maximum term prescribed by law at the time of sentencing.

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What the justices asked

Justice Ginsburg asked if the state prescribes a ten-year maximum for the defendant because the law change was not retroactive.

Justice Sotomayor questioned the logic of punishing someone for activity that was considered less serious at the time of the crime.

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Why it matters

This case determines how courts calculate criminal history scores for federal sentencing. It affects the length of prison sentences for defendants with prior state convictions. The outcome clarifies the interaction between state sentencing laws and federal sentencing guidelines.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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