October Term 2010 · Docket 09-1272

Can police create an emergency to enter without a warrant?

Police entered a home after hearing sounds. The state says this was legal. The defendant says the police created the emergency.

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Kentucky v. King
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Argued
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    The state advocate argued police may respond to exigencies. She said officers determine how to collect evidence. She emphasized staying within Fourth Amendment limits.

    The defendant advocate argued the evidence was insufficient. She cited the officer's equivocal testimony about sounds. She stated this did not establish exigent circumstances.

    Justice Sotomayor questioned the need for a probable cause inquiry. She asked what it has to do with the case. She referenced a routine knocking scenario.

    Justice Ginsburg asked why the standard is subjective. She suggested a reasonable officer standard might apply. She described a routine sniffing scenario at doors.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

Police officers smelled marijuana at a door. They heard sounds inside. They entered without a warrant. The state says the sounds showed evidence destruction. The defendant says the police caused the sounds.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 12, 2011.

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What each side wants

The state wants the court to allow the evidence. It argues the entry was legal.

The defendant wants the court to exclude the evidence. It argues the police created the emergency.

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What each side says

The state argues police may respond to emergencies. It says officers act lawfully if they stay within legal limits.

The defendant argues the police created the emergency. It says the officer testimony was too vague to prove destruction.

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What the justices asked

Justice Kennedy asked if officers should knock on the door.

Chief Justice Roberts asked about the probable cause requirement for entry. He sought clarity on the two different causes mentioned by the advocate.

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Why it matters

This case defines when police may enter homes without warrants. It balances public safety against private privacy rights. The outcome shapes future police conduct during investigations.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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