October Term 2009 · Docket 08-6261

Can a federal district court prosecute criminal contempt without the U.S. Attorney?

The dispute centers on whether a federal district court holds exclusive power to prosecute criminal contempt or must defer to the U.S. Attorney.

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Robertson v. United States ex rel. Watson
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Ms. Frankfurt argued that criminal prosecution is a foundational sovereign power.

    She stated that the U.S. Attorney must control these proceedings.

    General Kagan argued that the case involves two distinct legal questions.

    She noted that separation of powers principles apply differently in D.C.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests the constitutional limits of federal court authority. It asks if a district court can independently prosecute criminal contempt. The core issue involves the separation of powers. It challenges the traditional role of the executive branch in criminal prosecutions.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 31, 2010.

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What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the Court to rule that only the U.S. Attorney can prosecute criminal contempt.

the opposing side wants the Court to affirm the district court’s independent power to prosecute criminal contempt.

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What each side says

the side that brought the case argues that criminal prosecution is a sovereign power reserved for the executive branch.

the opposing side argues that district courts possess inherent authority to enforce their own orders through contempt.

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What the justices asked

Justice Stevens asked if the procedure inherently violates the Constitution.

Justice Scalia asked if the district and the Attorney General share coordinate jurisdiction over these crimes.

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Why it matters

This case defines the boundary between judicial and executive power. It determines who controls criminal prosecutions in federal courts. The outcome shapes the balance of government branches. It affects the independence of federal judges. It clarifies the role of the U.S. Attorney in local court enforcement.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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