October Term 2008 · Docket 07-1309

Does a RICO enterprise require a structure separate from the criminal acts?

The dispute centers on whether a criminal group must have a distinct organizational structure beyond the specific crimes it commits to qualify as a RICO enterprise.

Official caption
Boyle v. United States
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Argued
Sources analyzed through
Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Yang argued the enterprise need not have an ascertainable structure distinct from the predicate act.

    Mr. Fernich argued the defendant has a right to an independent jury determination of each essential element.

    Justice Ginsburg questioned the meaning of ascertainable structural hierarchy in the jury charge.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests the definition of a RICO enterprise. the side that brought the case argues the law does not require a distinct structure. The government argues the group must be more than just the criminal acts themselves.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on January 14, 2009.

Official sources for this section

What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the conviction overturned because the jury did not find a distinct enterprise structure.

The government wants the conviction to stand because the criminal acts themselves formed the enterprise.

Official sources for this section

What each side says

the side that brought the case argues RICO text and context show the enterprise definition is broad and lacks a structural limitation.

The government argues the jury must independently determine that the enterprise is more than a duplication of the pattern.

Official sources for this section

What the justices asked

Justice Scalia asked if the structure requirement applies only to the Brinks job.

Justice Ginsburg asked what the minimum requirement is to qualify as having a structure.

Official sources for this section

Why it matters

This case defines the scope of federal racketeering laws. It determines whether prosecutors can charge individuals for criminal acts without proving a separate organizational hierarchy. The outcome shapes how courts interpret enterprise requirements in future RICO prosecutions.

Official sources for this section

What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

Official sources for this section

Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

Download this sanitized case as JSON