October Term 2008 · Docket 07-1122

Can police frisk a passenger during a lawful traffic stop without suspecting a crime?

The dispute centers on whether a traffic stop alone justifies a pat-down search of a vehicle passenger.

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Arizona v. Johnson
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Joseph Parkhurst argued that controlling occupants during a lawful stop satisfies legal requirements for a frisk.

    David Heytens argued that the initial seizure ended before the frisk, requiring separate suspicion of a crime.

    questions_asked_by_justices

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

This case tests the scope of police authority during traffic stops. It asks if officers need specific suspicion of a crime to frisk passengers.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on December 9, 2008.

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What each side wants

Arizona wants the Court to uphold the passenger frisk under existing traffic stop rules.

Johnson wants the Court to reverse the lower court decision and require specific crime suspicion.

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What each side says

Arizona argues that controlling occupants during a lawful stop satisfies the legal requirements for a frisk.

Johnson argues that the initial seizure ended before the frisk, requiring separate suspicion of a crime.

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What the justices asked

Justice Ginsburg asked if the argument removes the requirement to suspect a crime is occurring.

Justice Scalia asked if both armed and dangerous status are required for a frisk.

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Why it matters

This case defines the limits of police power during routine traffic stops. It determines when officers can search passengers without specific evidence of criminal activity.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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