October Term 2007 · Docket 07-290

Does the Second Amendment protect individual gun ownership?

The dispute centers on whether the Second Amendment grants individuals a personal right to own firearms or only protects collective militia service.

Official caption
District of Columbia v. Heller
Latest argument session
Latest official Court activity
Latest verified event
Argued
Sources analyzed through
Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Walter Dellinger argued the Amendment responded to fears about federal control of state militias.

    Paul Clement argued the text guarantees an individual right independent of militia service.

    Chief Justice Roberts noted that acknowledging an individual right shifts the focus to the reasonableness of regulations.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests the scope of the Second Amendment. One side argues it protects individual self-defense. The other side argues it protects only organized militia service.

Official sources for this section

How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on March 18, 2008.

Official sources for this section

What each side wants

The government wants the Court to uphold the local ban on handgun possession.

The individual wants the Court to strike down the local ban on handgun possession.

Official sources for this section

What each side says

The government argues the Amendment protects only the right to serve in a state militia.

The individual argues the Amendment protects a personal right to keep firearms for self-defense.

Official sources for this section

What the justices asked

Chief Justice Roberts asked why the text says the right of the people if it only applies to militias.

Justice Scalia asked how a personal guarantee and a militia assurance can coexist without contradiction.

Official sources for this section

Why it matters

This case defines whether citizens can keep guns for personal safety. It determines the balance between individual liberty and public safety laws.

Official sources for this section

What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

Official sources for this section

Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

Download this sanitized case as JSON