October Term 2007 · Docket 06-6330

Can a judge reject the 100-to-1 crack sentencing ratio?

The dispute centers on whether district courts may impose lower sentences for crack cocaine offenses despite the statutory 100-to-1 quantity ratio.

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Derrick Kimbrough v. United States
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Michael Nachmanoff argued the district court properly considered Section 3553(a) factors.

    Paul Dreeben argued the statutory ratio reflects a coherent congressional judgment.

    Justice Scalia questioned whether the Sentencing Commission should have acted more proportionately.

    Justice Kennedy asked if Congress could have mandated the specific rationale used by the Fourth Circuit.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

Derrick Kimbrough challenges his federal sentence. He argues the district court properly exercised discretion under Section 3553(a). The government contends the statutory ratio mandates a specific sentencing structure.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 2, 2007.

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What each side wants

Kimbrough wants the Supreme Court to affirm the district court's lower sentence.

The United States wants the Supreme Court to reverse the lower sentence and uphold the statutory ratio.

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What each side says

Kimbrough argues Section 3553(a) allows judges to consider individual circumstances over rigid ratios.

The United States argues the 100-to-1 ratio reflects a coherent congressional judgment that courts must respect.

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What the justices asked

Justice Souter asked if the incoherence argument applies broadly to all sentencing ratios.

Justice Souter asked if any sentencing assumption other than the 100-to-1 ratio is unreasonable.

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Why it matters

This case determines whether federal judges retain discretion to deviate from the crack-to-powder cocaine sentencing ratio. It affects the consistency of federal drug sentencing nationwide. It shapes the balance between legislative mandates and judicial discretion in criminal punishment.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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