October Term 2006 · Docket 05-998

Can a missing indictment element be harmless error?

The government argues a missing indictment element is harmless. The defendant argues it is a constitutional violation.

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United States v. Resendiz-Ponce
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    The government argued that omitting an element is harmless. It cited a prior case involving jury instructions.

    The defendant argued the Constitution mandates a single charging method. It stated that method is the federal indictment.

    Justice Kennedy noted the lack of objection opportunities. He contrasted grand jury indictments with trial objections.

    Justice Scalia asked if the Court must wait for a verdict. He questioned if the error is only clear after conviction.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests whether a federal indictment must list every offense element. The government claims a missing element is harmless if evidence proves guilt. The defendant claims the Constitution requires a complete indictment.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 10, 2006.

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What each side wants

The government wants the Court to affirm the conviction. It argues the missing element is harmless error.

The defendant wants the Court to reverse the conviction. It argues the missing element violates the Constitution.

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What each side says

The government argues a missing indictment element is harmless. It cites precedent allowing harmless error in jury instructions.

The defendant argues the Constitution requires a complete indictment. It claims no other charging method exists.

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What the justices asked

Justice Alito asked if the Court can answer the generic harmless error question. He questioned if the specific defect nature matters.

Chief Justice Roberts asked about probable cause timing. He wondered if prosecutors can indict before gathering all evidence.

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Why it matters

This case defines the minimum requirements for federal criminal indictments. It determines whether prosecutors can omit elements and rely on trial evidence. The outcome shapes the balance between prosecutorial discretion and defendant rights.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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