October Term 2006 · Docket 05-983

Can non-lawyer parents sue in federal court without attorneys?

Parents claim direct rights under disability law. Schools argue common law bars their self-representation.

Official caption
Winkelman v. Parma City School Distr.
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Argued
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Andre argued parents should have unlimited pro se rights.

    Mr. Bergeron argued the common law rule remains intact.

    Mr. Salmons argued Congress granted parents direct rights under the act.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests whether parents can act as their own lawyers in federal court. They seek to bypass the rule requiring attorneys. Schools argue this rule remains valid despite disability statutes.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on February 27, 2007.

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What each side wants

Parents want to litigate their own cases without hiring attorneys.

Schools want to enforce the rule requiring parents to hire lawyers.

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What each side says

Parents argue Congress granted them direct rights under the disability act.

Schools argue the common law rule banning self-representation still applies.

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What the justices asked

Justice Scalia asked if parents can only seek reimbursement and procedural rights.

Justice Kennedy asked if recognizing parental rights ends the case immediately.

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Why it matters

This dispute determines whether parents must hire lawyers to protect their children's education. It affects the cost and accessibility of federal court for families. It defines the scope of parental rights in disability law.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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