October Term 2006 · Docket 05-493

Does California's catchall instruction bar jurors from weighing post-crime evidence?

the side that brought the case argues the instruction limits mitigation to pre-crime facts. the opposing side claims it allows full moral consideration.

Official caption
Ayers v. Belmontes
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Argued
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Official Transcript

Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    the side that brought the case's counsel argued the instruction restricts mitigation to pre-crime facts.

    the opposing side's counsel argued the case does not turn on factor (k) alone.

    Justice Stevens questioned the distinction between pre-crime and post-crime evidence.

    Justice Kennedy asked if the instruction mandates a single moral determination.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The dispute centers on California's penalty-phase instruction. the side that brought the case claims it restricts jurors to pre-crime facts. the opposing side argues it permits broad moral judgment.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on October 3, 2006.

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What each side wants

the side that brought the case seeks a ruling that the instruction unconstitutionally limits mitigation evidence.

the opposing side seeks a ruling that the instruction allows full consideration of all relevant facts.

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What each side says

the side that brought the case argues the instruction excludes post-crime mitigating evidence from jury consideration.

the opposing side argues the instruction supports a single moral determination of all circumstances.

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What the justices asked

Justice Stevens asked if the instruction distinguishes pre-crime and post-crime facts.

Justice Kennedy asked if the instruction requires a single moral determination.

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Why it matters

The outcome defines the scope of mitigating evidence in capital sentencing. It determines whether jurors weigh post-crime conduct. It shapes the constitutional limits of state penalty instructions.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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