October Term 2005 · Docket 04-1034

Does the Clean Water Act cover wetlands isolated from navigable waters?

The dispute centers on whether federal agencies can regulate wetlands that lack a direct hydrological connection to navigable waters.

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Rapanos v. United States
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.
  2. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Mr. Hopper argued the agencies pushed the limits of congressional authority contrary to the statute's text.

    General Clement cited a prior unanimous decision upholding jurisdiction over adjacent wetlands.

    Mr. Stoepker stated the record shows the wetlands are hydrologically isolated from navigable waters.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

The case tests the scope of federal power over water pollution. the sides that brought the case argue the agencies exceeded their authority. The government argues the agencies acted within their legal mandate.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on February 21, 2006.

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What each side wants

the sides that brought the case want the Court to limit federal jurisdiction to waters with a clear connection to navigable streams.

The government wants the Court to uphold the agencies' broad interpretation of the Clean Water Act.

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What each side says

the sides that brought the case argue the agencies ignored the plain text of the statute and overreached their authority.

The government argues the agencies properly regulated wetlands adjacent to navigable waters to protect water quality.

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What the justices asked

Justice Scalia asked if proving discharge into a tributary suffices to prove a violation.

Justice Ginsburg asked where the line should be drawn for major tributaries.

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Why it matters

The outcome defines the boundary of federal environmental regulation. It determines which wetlands fall under federal protection. It impacts landowners and state regulators nationwide.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

Title and summary sources

Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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