October Term 2004 · Docket 03-9168

Can courts use police reports to define ambiguous burglary convictions?

The dispute centers on whether judges may consult police reports to classify ambiguous state burglary convictions under federal law.

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Shepard v. United States
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Verified source milestones

  1. — An official oral-argument transcript was verified.

The arguments, in order

This case may have been argued more than once. Each entry below uses that session's official transcript. Later arguments do not erase earlier ones.

  1. Argument 1 ·

    What happened at the argument

    Ms. Thompson argued the categorical method requires strict reliance on statutory elements.

    She contended ambiguous convictions obtained under nongeneric statutes cannot be used as predicates.

    Mr. Elwood argued police reports help clarify the specific property involved in the crime.

    He stated the Court can look to conviction records to determine predicate status.

    Read the official transcript for this argument · Official argument details

    Sources used for this argument breakdown

A citizen's guide to the whole case

What this case is about

Shepard v. United States tests the limits of the categorical method. This approach requires courts to look only at the statutory elements of a prior conviction. The case asks if courts may examine supporting documents when a statute covers multiple types of property.

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How the case got here

The Supreme Court heard oral argument in this case on November 8, 2004.

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What each side wants

the side that brought the case wants the conviction excluded from federal sentencing calculations.

The government wants the conviction counted as a qualifying predicate offense.

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What each side says

the side that brought the case argues courts must ignore police reports and rely solely on statutory text.

The government argues police reports provide necessary context for ambiguous statutes.

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What the justices asked

Justice O'Connor asked if supporting documents show the property was a building, car, or boat.

Justice Scalia asked for a definition of a nongeneric burglary statute.

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Why it matters

This case defines how federal courts interpret state criminal records. It determines whether judges can use police reports to clarify ambiguous convictions. This process affects federal sentencing calculations for career criminals. It impacts the consistency of federal sentencing guidelines nationwide.

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What happens next

This article currently covers the argument record. Use the official docket link for later case activity.

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Official Court provenance

Official docket and case history · Official Supreme Court oral-argument detail page

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Revision history

  1. Revision 1 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Rewritten to the concise citizen-facing editorial standard.

  2. Revision 2 · Official Transcript ·

    Correction: Migrated to the dated official Court activity contract without model use.

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